Wells classification of lung involvement in systemic sclerosis is a quantitative scoring method of disease extent and severity. All lobes are scored independently. Maximum score for each lobe is 5.
Grade | Description |
---|---|
1 | Ground glass opacity alone |
2 | Ground glass opacity > reticular pattern extent |
3 | Ground glass opacity = reticular pattern extent |
4 |
Otosclerosis is a primitive dystrophia of the temporal bone that leads to abnormal bone growth. Veillon classification divides sites and extension of otosclerosis based on finding on HRCT of the temporal bone into 6 types.
Type | Description |
---|---|
Ia | isolated thickening of the footplate hypodensity |
Ib | isolated anterior fenestral hypodensity <1mm (AFH) |
II | isolated anterior fenestral hypodensity >1mm (AFH) |
Hawkin's classification system divides fractures of the neck of talus into four types according to the degree of displacement and resulting risk of avascular necrosis. Higher type implies greater risk of complications.
Type | Description | Subluxation | Avascular necrosis |
---|---|---|---|
Type I | Undisplaced fracture of talar neck | no | rare |
Type II | Fracture of talar neck with mild displacement |
Winquist and Hansen classification, usually abbreviated by the name of the first author, divides fractures of femoral shaft into four grades according to the amount of bone comminution. Sometimes, grade V is reffered to as a segmental bone loss. However the original classification contains only four grades.
Grade | Description |
---|---|
Grade I | no comminution or minimal comminution with a small wedge fragment < 25% of the circumference of the bone |
Grade II |
Pauwels' classification divides femoral neck fractures into three grades according to the degrees of the inclination of the fracture line, so called Pauwels' angle. The distinction between grade II and III is often misinterpreted. Moreover, as originally pointed by Pauwels, the distinction between grade I and II should be also based on the presence of a shearing force, which can be neutralized by impaction. Therefore, some fractures with more vertical fracture line (>30 degrees) may still be considered grade I.
Garden classification is the most commonly used classification system for femoral neck fractures. It was devised in 1961 by a British orthopaedic surgeon, who divided them into four stages according to displacement of fragments. It is considered superior to Pauwels classification.
Stage | Description |
---|---|
Garden I | Incomplete fracture - usually impacted valgus fracture |
Garden II | Complete fracture - undisplaced |
Garden III |
Lauge-Hansen classification of ankle fractures is based on the mechanism of trauma. It describes position of the foot (supination or pronation) and the direction of the applied force (abduction, adduction, external rotation) at the time of the injury. Therefore, it uses two word description of its types. The five main groups can be subdivided into stages according to the degree of severity.
Type | Abbrev. | Weber equivalent |
---|---|---|
Supination-Adduction | SA | Weber A |
Danis-Weber classification, commony abbreviated as Weber classification of ankle fractures, divides distal fibular factures into three types according to the relation of the fracture line to the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis.
Type | Description |
---|---|
Weber A | below the tibiofibular syndesmosis |
Weber B | at the level of the tibiofibular syndesmosis |
Weber C |
The Sanders classification is based on CT evaluation of calcaneus in coronal plane. The classification was published in 1992 and it takes into account location and number of fracture lines. The image is evaluated in coronal plane where it shows the posterior articular facet in its widest (latero-lateral) profile, where the location of primary fracture line with relation to the posterior articular facet is determined (intra-articular fracture).
Type | Description |
---|---|
Type I |
Pipkin classification system divides fractures of the femoral head into four basic types according to relation of fracture line to the fovea capitis femoris and associated injury of the femoral neck or the acetabulum. It was first published in 1957.
Type | Description |
---|---|
Type I | fracture line inferior to the fovea capitis femoris |
Type II | fracture line superior to the fovea capitis femoris |
Type III |