Staging of colorectal cancer
TNM classification of colorectal cancer
| T | Primary tumor |
|---|---|
| Tx | Primary tumor cannot be assessed |
| T0 | No evidence of primary tumor |
| Tis | Carcinoma in situ: invasion up to lamina propria mucosae |
| T1 | Tumor invades submucosa |
| T2 | Tumor invades muscularis propria |
| T3 | Tumor invades into pericolic tissue |
| T4a | Tumor penetrates visceral peritoneum |
| T4b | Tumor invades od adheres to other organs or structures |
| N | Regional lymp nodes |
|---|---|
| Nx | Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed |
| N0 | No regional lymph node involvement |
| N1 | Metastasis in 1 - 3 regional lymph nodes |
| - N1a | Metastasis in 1 regional lymph node |
| - N1b | Metastasis in 2 - 3 regional lymph nodes |
| - N1c | Tumor deposits in subserosa, mesentery or non-peritonealized pericolic or perirectal tissues with no regional lymph node metastasis |
| N2 | Metastasis in ≥4 regional lymph nodes |
| - N2a | Metastasis in 4 - 6 regional lymph nodes |
| - N2b | Metastasis in >=7 regional lymph nodes |
| M | Distant metastasis |
|---|---|
| M0 | No distant metastasis |
| M1 | Distant metastasis |
| - M1a | Metastasis in one organ or site |
| - M1b | Metastasis in more than one organ or site or the peritoneum |
Staging of colorectal cancer
| Stage | T | N | M |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 0 | Tis | N0 | M0 |
| Stage I | T1-2 | N0 | M0 |
| Stage II | IIa: T3 IIb: T4a IIc: T4b |
N0 | M0 |
| Stage III | IIIa: T1-2 IIIb: T3-4 IIIc: T3-4b |
N1 N1 N2 |
M0 |
| Stage IV | any T | any N | M1 |
References
1. cancer.org. How is colorectal cancer staged? https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colonandrectumcancer...
2. cancerstaging.org. Colon and Rectum Cancer Staging. https://www.cancerstaging.org/references-tools...
3. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, et al., Springer, New York 2010
Updated 23/2/2015 01:50 by Lambert