Fisher CT grading scale is used to grade severity of intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. This scale predicts the risk of subsequent arterial spasms.
| Group | Description |
|---|---|
| Group I | no hemorrhage |
| Group II | subarachnoid hemorrhage <1mm thick |
| Group III | subarachnoid hemorrhage >=1mm thick |
| Group IV |
Apart from giving the dimensions of an intracranial aneurysm, its size should be cathegorized according to this table.
| Description | Size |
|---|---|
| Small | ≤5mm |
| Medium | <15mm |
| Large | <25mm |
| Giant | ≥25mm |
The diameter of the neck of the aneurysm is cathegorized as well.
| Description | Size |
|---|
Grading of intracranial hemorrhage in neonates is based on ultrasound imaging. It has four grades with increasing mortality and decreasing outcome.
| Grade | Description |
|---|---|
| Grade I | hemorrhage is confined to the germinal matrix |
| Grade II | intraventricular hemorrhage without ventricular dilation |
| Grade III | intraventricular hemorrhage with ventricular dilation |
| Grade IV |
Neer classification divides lesions of the rotator cuff into three stages that typically succeed in this order during one's life.
| Stage | Description | Age group |
|---|---|---|
| Stage I | actue inflammation, edema, hemorrhage in the rotator cuff | younger patients <25 years |
| Stage II | progression to fibrosis and tendinitis of the rotator cuff | usually between 25 and 40 years |
| Stage III |
The classification of fractures of axis was introduced by Effendi et al. and later modified by Lewine and Edwards. With further two types added (IA and IIA), the modified classification has five types.
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Type I | fracture of the pedicles, intervertebral disc C2/3 is intact, dislocation ≤3mm without angulation |
| Type IA | fracture lines on each side are not parallel, fracture line may involve foramen transversarium on one side |
Lesions of the menisci on MRI are divided into four grades. Normal meniscus has uniformly low signal intensity on T2-weighted images (T2W). Grade I and II lesions can be a normal appearance of ageing in older patients.
| Grade | Description |
|---|---|
| Grade I | small focus of increased signal intensity on T2W, that does not extend to the articular surface |
| Grade II | linear area of increased signal intensity without extension to the articular surface |
Injuries to the medial collateral injury are divided into three grades similarly to other ligamentous lesions elsewhere.
| Grade | Description | Description - MRI | Description - US |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grade I | microscopic tear or strain injury | edema superficial to the ligament | hypoechoic fluid parallel to the ligament |
| Grade II | partial tear |
Calculating doubling time of focal lesions or massess can give a hint, whether it has a malignant or rather benign growth dynamics. Doubling time of malignant lesions is between 30 and 500 days with a median of 100 days.
The Pfirrmann classification was developed in 2001 and was based on previous systems. It was validated on 60 MRI examinations of the lumbar spine assessed by three independent observers. The imaging protocol included sagittal T1 weighted spin-echo, T2 weighted fast spin echo (FSE) in sagittal and axial plane.
| Grade | Structure | Distinction of nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus | Signal intensity on T2 weighted images | Height of intervertebral disc |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade I |
In 2007, Watanabe et al. published grading of degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc by MRI. It is based on T2 weighted axial sections.
| Grade | T2 signal intensity (SI) of nucleus pulposus | T2 signal intensity (SI) of anulus fibrosus | Distinction of nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grade I |
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